时间：4月30日 (周四)  18:00-20:00

地点：恕园28号楼205室

主题：工作进展和文献报告

1、工作进展：内侧前额叶皮层CCK阳性中间神经元在社交行为中的作用及机制

主讲：杨群 同学

2、文献汇报：应用简单人工神经网络发现新的社会偏好

主讲：李红江 同学

3、文献汇报：心理应激诱导的ALKBH5缺失通过胞外囊泡RNA转移促进肿瘤神经支配及胰腺癌发展

主讲：许柯颍 同学

欢迎老师与同学们踊跃出席！

脑科学研究所

文献详细信息

1、题目：Discovering Novel Social Preferences Using Simple Artificial Neural Networks  

期刊名称：Collabra: Psychology   IF: 3.2   JCR: Q1     中科院：3区

摘要：

How do we make decisions about allocating scarce resources to others when we face multiple alternatives? While people usually evaluate multiple allocations jointly or non-independently, distributional preferences have been analyzed through behavioral models that assume independent evaluation. Here, we explore distributional preferences that can be identified when we analyze allocation decisions with a flexible model class that can factor in joint evaluation. In Study 1, we recruited 3,006 Japanese crowd workers and provided them with 13,041 theoretically designed resource allocation problems. Using artificial neural networks, we discovered two types of allocation problems among 13,041 problems where the choices made by the participants could only be predicted with a model that factored in joint evaluation of two options. For example, one of these problems showed that the participants became sensitive to differences in their self-reward between two allocations which pitted the participants against disadvantageous equity, which could be naturally supported by our intuition but could not have been discovered unless joint evaluation was considered. In preregistered Study 2, we recruited 185 Japanese participants to conduct a conceptual replication of the machine-discovered distributional preferences. We had participants evaluate two allocation options on the same (i.e., jointly) or different (i.e., separately) screens, confirming that the distributional preferences discovered in Study 1 (i.e., joint-evaluation situation) were more often observed in the former joint-screen situation. Our findings showcase the usefulness of a prediction-oriented machine learning approach to the exploration of novel behavioral theories in social decision-making.

2、题目：Psychological stress-induced ALKBH5 deficiency promotes tumour innervation and pancreatic cancer via extracellular vesicle transfer of RNA  

期刊名称：NATURE CELL BIOLOGY     IF: 19.5‌     SCI: Q1   中科院：1区

摘要：The pathological role and mechanism of psychological stress in cancer progression are little known. Here we show in a mouse model that psychological stress drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression by stimulating tumour nerve innervation. We demonstrate that nociception and other stressors activate sympathetic nerves to release noradrenaline, downregulating RNA demethylase alkB homologue 5 (Alkbh5) in tumour cells. Alkbh5 deficiency in these cancer cells causes aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNAs, which are packed into extracellular vesicles and delivered to nerves in the tumour microenvironment, enhancing hyperinnervation and PDAC progression. ALKBH5 levels are inversely correlated with tumour innervation and survival time in patients with PDAC. Animal experiments identify a natural flavonoid, fisetin, that prevents neurons from taking in extracellular vesicles containing m6A-modified RNAs, thus suppressing the excessive innervation and progression of PDAC tumours. Our study sheds light on a molecular mechanism by which crosstalk between the neuroendocrine system and cancer cells links psychological stress and cancer progression and raises a potential strategy for PDAC therapy.