时间：10月8日 (周四)  18:00-20:00

地点：恕园28号楼205室

主题：工作进展和文献报告

1、文献汇报：朝向辨别的双人视觉知觉学习（Dyadic visual perceptual learning on orientation discrimination）

主讲：林颖烨 同学

2、文献汇报：慢波睡眠激活脑干回路防止压力引起的焦虑（Slow-wave sleep engages brainstem circuitry to prevent stress-induced anxiety）

主讲：张译文 同学

3、文献汇报：右侧颞顶交汇区在最后通牒博弈中对同伴决策进行反事实评估的作用（Role of right temporoparietal junction for counterfactual evaluation of partner's decision in ultimatum game）

主讲：李红江 同学

4、文献汇报：抑制控制的精准个体化测量（Precise individual measures of inhibitory control）

主讲：邵炜 同学

欢迎老师与同学们踊跃出席！

脑科学研究所

文献介绍

1、题目：Dyadic visual perceptual learning on orientation discrimination

期刊名称：Current Biology  IF: 7.7  SCI: Q1  中科院：1区

摘要：The belief that learning can be modulated by social context is mainly supported by high-level value-based learning studies. However, whether social context can even modulate low-level learning such as visual perceptual learning (VPL) is still unknown. Unlike traditional VPL studies in which participants were trained singly, here, we developed a novel dyadic VPL paradigm in which paired participants were trained with the same orientation discrimination task and could monitor each other’s performance. We found that the social context (i.e., dyadic training) led to a greater behavioral performance improvement and a faster learning rate compared with the single training. Interestingly, the facilitating effects could be modulated by the performance difference between paired participants. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results showed that, compared with the single training, social cognition areas including bilateral parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex displayed a different activity pattern and enhanced functional connectivities to early visual cortex (EVC) during the dyadic training. Furthermore, the dyadic training resulted in more refined orientation representation in primary visual cortex (V1), which was closely associated with the greater behavioral performance improvement. Taken together, we demonstrate that the social context, learning with a partner, can remarkably augment the plasticity of low-level visual information process by means of reshaping the neural activities in EVC and social cognition areas, as well as their functional interplays.

2、题目：Slow-wave sleep engages brainstem circuitry to prevent stress-induced anxiety

期刊名称：Neuron  IF: 14.4  SCI: Q1  中科院：1区

摘要：The beneficial effects of sleep on anxiety are established, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We identify a GABAergic circuit from the parafacial zone (PZ) to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) neurons that project to the oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNST) as a node for slow-wave sleep (SWS)-mediated anxiolysis. Optogenetic activation of PZ GABAergic neurons following social defeat stress induces time-locked SWS and prevents anxiety. Multi-region Ca2+ recording reveals suppressed activity in LPB and ovBNST during natural and PZ-initiated SWS. The LPB-ovBNST pathway is required to drive wakefulness and anxiety, whereas the LPB-basal forebrain pathway promotes arousal without affecting anxiety. PZ neurons inhibit LPB calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing neurons, which promote wakefulness and anxiety via ovBNST. This effect specifically requires LPB input to ovBNST corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) neurons. Thus, we define a PZVgat-LPBCGRP-ovBNSTCrh circuit essential for sleep-related anxiolysis, providing a potential therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.

3、Role of right temporoparietal junction for counterfactual evaluation of partner's decision in ultimatum game

期刊名称：CEREBRAL CORTEX  影响因子：3.0  SCI: Q3  中科院：3区

摘要：Humans assess the distributions of resources based on their aversion to unfairness. If a partner distributes in an unfair manner even though the partner had a less unfair distribution option, a recipient will believe that the partner should have chosen the counterfactual option. In this study, we investigated the neural basis for fairness evaluation of actual and counterfactual options in the ultimatum game. In this task, a partner chose one distribution option out of two options, and a participant accepted or rejected the option. The behavioral results showed that the acceptance rate was influenced by counterfactual evaluation (CE), among others, as defined by the difference of monetary amount between the actual and counterfactual options. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that CE was associated with the right ventral angular gyrus (vAG) that provided one of convergent inputs to the supramarginal gyrus related to decision utility, which reflects gross preferences for the distribution options. Furthermore, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation administered to the right vAG reduced the behavioral component associated with CE. These results suggest that our acceptance/rejection of distribution options relies on multiple processes (monetary amount, disadvantageous inequity, and CE) and that the right vAG causally contributes to CE.

4、题目：Precise individual measures of inhibitory control

期刊名称：Nature Human Behaviour  IF：17.5  SCI: Q1  中科院：1 区

摘要：Inhibitory control is essential to daily function and is a key factor in numerous psychiatric disorders. One popular measure of inhibitory control is the congruency effect, but recent research has highlighted its low reliability, limiting its use for clinical and basic research questions. Here we asked whether it is possible to obtain precise individual estimates of the congruency effect. We sampled more than 5,000 trials from nine participants across four inhibitory control tasks. This dataset, made public for the community, demonstrates that precise individual estimates are achievable but with higher numbers of trials than typically collected with common tools. Using a combination of datasets and simulations, we show that extensive sampling is necessary to reveal true individual differences and improve observations from alternative modelling approaches. We share our dataset as a resource to further understand sources of variation in inhibitory control, ultimately advancing research in this critical field.