时间：11月6日 (周四)  18:00-20:00

地点：恕园28号楼205室

主题：工作进展和文献报告

1、工作进展报告：惩罚与效力对认知控制的共同作用及其神经机制

主讲：徐翔 同学

2、工作进展报告：数量加工适应性控制的脑机制：来自大脑不同时间尺度响应模式的证据

主讲：金雨婷 同学

3、文献汇报：精神障碍的候选生物标志物：领域现状

主讲：沈雨琦 同学

文献详细信息

题目：Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field

期刊信息：World Psychiatry IF: 65.8 SCI: Q1 中科院：一区

摘要：

The field of psychiatry is hampered by a lack of robust, reliable and valid biomarkers that can aid in objectively diagnosing patients and providing individualized treatment recommendations. Here we review and critically evaluate the evidence for the most promising biomarkers in the psychiatric neuroscience literature for autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and post traumatic stress disorder, major depression and bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders. Candidate biomarkers reviewed include various neuroimaging, genetic, molecular and peripheral assays, for the purposes of determining susceptibility or presence of illness, and predicting treatment response or safety. This review highlights a critical gap in the biomarker validation process. An enormous societal investment over the past 50 years has identified numerous candidate biomarkers. However, to date, the overwhelming majority of these measures have not been proven sufficiently reliable, valid and useful to be adopted clinically. It is time to consider whether strategic investments might break this impasse, focusing on a limited number of promising candidates to advance through a process of definitive testing for a specific indication. Some promising candidates for definitive testing include the N170 signal, an event related brain potential measured using electroencephalography, for subgroup identification within autism spectrum disorder; striatal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures, such as the striatal connectivity index (SCI) and the functional striatal abnormalities (FSA) index, for prediction of treatment response in schizophrenia; error related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological index, for prediction of first onset of generalized anxiety disorder, and resting state and structural brain connectomic measures for prediction of treatment response in social anxiety disorder. Alternate forms of classification may be useful for conceptualizing and testing potential biomarkers. Collaborative efforts allowing the inclusion of biosystems beyond genetics and neuroimaging are needed, and online remote acquisition of selected measures in a naturalistic setting using mobile health tools may significantly advance the field. Setting specific benchmarks for well defined target application, along with development of appropriate funding and partnership mechanisms, would also be crucial. Finally, it should never be forgotten that, for a biomarker to be actionable, it will need to be clinically predictive at the individual level and viable in clinical settings.

4、文献汇报：小鼠和人类全生命周期的感觉皮层层级特异性变化

主讲：马逸凡 同学

文献详细信息

题目：Layer-specific changes in sensory cortex across the lifespan in mice and humans

期刊信息：Nature Neuroscience IF: 20.0 SCI: Q1 中科院：一区

摘要：

The segregation of processes into cortical layers is a convergent feature in animal evolution. However, how changes in the cortical layer architecture interact with sensory system function and dysfunction remains unclear. Here we conducted functional and structural layer-specific in vivo 7T magnetic resonance imaging of the primary somatosensory cortex in two cohorts of healthy younger and older adults. 

Input layer IV is enlarged and more myelinated in older adults and is associated with extended sensory input signals. Age-related cortical thinning is driven by deep layers and accompanied by increased myelination, but there is no clear evidence for reduced inhibition. Calcium imaging and histology in younger and older mice revealed increased sensory-evoked neuronal activity accompanied by increased parvalbumin expression as a potential inhibitory balance, with dynamic changes in layer-specific myelination across age groups. 

Using multimodal imaging, we demonstrate that middle and deep layers show specific sensitivity to aging across species.

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